Machine Learning–Based Sleep Electroencephalographic Brain Age Index and Dementia Risk

Abstract

Key Points Question Is a higher brain age index (BAI) derived from sleep electroencephalography (EEG) using machine learning associated with a higher risk of future dementia in community-dwelling older adults? Findings In this individual participant data meta-analysis of 7105 adults from 5 longitudinal cohorts, every 10-year increase in BAI was associated with a 39% higher risk of incident dementia, independent of age, sex, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, and global cognition and comorbidities at the sleep study. Meaning These findings suggest that sleep EEG-based BAI may serve as a promising early digital marker for dementia risk stratification.